This project activity is aimed as an intervention in an existing low-income housing development with households in Kuyasa, Khayelitsha, as well as in future housing developments (100 ha) in this area. The project activity aims to improve the thermal performance of the existing and future housing units, improve lighting and water heating efficiency. This will result in reduced current and future electricity consumption per household, significant avoided CO2 emissions per unit. Other co-benefits of the project activity include a reduction in local air pollution with subsequent decreases in pulmonary pneumonia, carbon monoxide poisoning and other respiratory illnesses. A decrease in accidents and damage to property as a result of fire is also anticipated.